Subsequently, in 1959, IBM continued its evolution and created the most successful machine in computing history (12,000 units sold): the IBM 1401 transistor-based mainframe. The first models of this generation were developed for the atomic energy industry. Examples of third-generation Programming Languages : 1. The IBM 7094 is the computer of the second generation. 2. Computers developed between 1959-1965 the second generation computers. More powerful, more reliable, and less expensive, which made them more commercial. Second-generation-computer definitions A computer made of discrete transistors and other electronic components. For programming purpose besides machine and assembly languages, high level languages were also used like FORTRAN, COBOL and BASIC etc. The 2nd generation Computers were m ore reliable ; Used less energy and were not heated. The second generation of computers saw the use of transistors instead of vacuum tubes. ... Every home has several examples of embedded computers. Vaccum tubes are replaced by transistors. 4. Now in this article, we are going to list out . TYPES AND GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS 2. First generation (1945-1954 AD) 2. Third generation (1965-1974 AD) 4. Some examples of third generation computers are the IBM System/360, IBM 1130, UNIVAC 1107, Apollo Flight Computer, Minuteman II Guidance Computer, UNIVAC … Second generation computers also used magnetic core networks instead of rotating drums for primary storage. The term was coined to provide a distinction from higher level machine independent third-generation programming languages (3GL) such as COBOL and earlier first-generation programming languages (machine code). This transistor-based equipment used a perforated paper ribbon which quickly changed to punched cards. The main technology for Second Generation was transistors (1956-1963). The period of second generation was from 1959-1965. The microprocessor chips are used in this generation of computers. On the other hand, computer programs that were conceived during the first generation were improved, since new programming languages such as COBOL and FORTRAN were developed. Second generations of computer (1955-1964 AD) 3. The first generation is the Vacuum Tube Generation. The second generation of computers heralds the use of transistors instead of vacuum tubes. Examples are the IBM 1401, IBM 7090 and 7094, UNIVAC 1107, PDP-1 and 8. They used networks of magnetic cores instead of rotating drums for primary storage, containing small rings of linked magnetic material in which data and instructions could be stored. 6. They were built with transistor electronics. The world saw transistor replaced the vacuum tubes in the second generation of computers. In these computers, primary memorywas stored on the magnetic cores and magnetic tape and they used magnetic disks as secondary storage devices. Much less expensive. Examples of the second generation comp… A transistor computer, now often called a second generation computer, is a computer which uses discrete transistors instead of vacuum tubes.The first generation of electronic computers used vacuum tubes, which generated large amounts of heat, were bulky and unreliable. A couple of years later, in 1962, Spacewar! C. 5. The IBM 7090 was a transistorized version of the vacuum tube IBM 709 machine. The invention of the transistor made possible a new generation of computers with the following characteristics: The creation of transistors and their use in computer manufacturing, triggered a series of events in the history of computing, not only because it represented a significant technological advance, but also initiated a new stage in equipment commercialization. The term transistor derives from the combination of the English words transfer resistor, and is an electronic, semiconductor device with multiple functions such as amplify, oscillate, switch or rectify. C#. Computers of first generation used vacuum tubes as the basic components for memory and circuitry for Central Processing Unit.The first electronic computer, ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and calculator) was developed in 1947 at the University of Pennsylvania, USA. 200 transistors could be accommodated in the same amount of space as a vacuum tube, a characteristic that made them faster, smaller, and more reliable. The input of this system was based on punched cards and paper tape; however, the output was displayed on printouts. There are some computers of the second generation, which are given below: IBM 7094; IBM 1620; CDC 1604; CDC 3600; UNIVAC1108; Honeywell 400; Computer Architecture of IBM 7094. IBM had two product lines, a “commercial” product line and a “scientific” line, which were unified into one. 7. In the First Generation, Computer and vacuum tube were the main components at that time as a technology for a computer. First Generation of mordern computer (1946 - 1954) The period of first generation was 1946 - 1954. Example of Second Generation of Computer: 1. Thanks to this, they had other advantageous features: 1. The computers built in the 1950s and 1960s are considered the 2nd generation computers. First generation computers relied on machine language, the lowest-level programming language understood by computers, to perform operations, and they could only solve one problem at a time. This generation marked a new era that was defined by the replacement of vacuum valves by transistors, which implied the creation of more reliable computers with less ventilation needs, making them commercially accessible and powerful. In computers, they functioned as an electronic switch or bridge. Some of the computers that were already built with transistors in this period were: Characteristics of the second generation of computers, History of the second generation of computers, Inventions of the second generation of computers, Inventors of the second generation of computers, Featured computers from the second generation. The first computer to use transistors was the TX-0 and was introduced in 1956. Java. Basic Computer Language. In order to create the first flight simulator, the U.S. Navy used second-generation computers. Transistors were smaller than vacuum tubes and allowed computers to be smaller in size, faster in speed, and cheaper to build. Five Generations of computer. This made them far more compact than the first generation computers. It had a storage capacity of 5 megabytes of data. Although first invented in 1947, transistors weren’t used significantly in computers until the end of the 1950s. 2. These computing machines make usage of the transistors invented by Bell Telephone research labs and they had many of the same constituents as the contemporary computing machine. Computer Mouse and GUI make computers more enjoyable. Vacuum tubes were used to perform logic operations and to store data. The second generation is the Transistor Generation. In 1956, IBM sold its first magnetic disk system, the RAMAC (Random Access Method of Accounting and Control). Transistors were widely used in computers from 1956 to 1963. This equipment was characterized for using 50 metal disks of 61 cm, with 100 tracks per side. Some of the computers that were already built with transistors in this period were: IBM 1401; Honeywell 800 and 5000 series; UNIVAC M460; The IBM 7090 and 7094; NCR 315; The RCA 501 and 601 See computer generations, IBM 1401 and Honeywell. Second Generation (Transistors) Year 1956 – 1963 Characteristics > Used transistors instead of vacuum tubes for circuitry, which enabled computers of this generation to become smaller, faster, cheaper and more energy-efficient > Used magnetic core instead of magnetic drums as … 7. It used punched cards and a 4000 character magnetic core memory. second generation computer (architecture) A computer built from transistors, designed between the mid-1950s and mid-1960s. For data storage magnetic tapes and magnetic tapes and magnetic disks were used. The Five Generations of Computers can be described as the overall development of computer technology respective to their size, power, PC memory, cost, and application. Available for any type of person. Advantages. Honeywell 400 2. The examples of second generation computers are IBM 7094 series, IBM 1400 series and CDC 164 etc. More laptops. These cores contained small rings of linked magnetic material in which data and instructions could be stored. They generate a lot of heat; They consume of a lot of electricity ; They where very bulkey in size; They were expensive. COBOL. FORTRAN. INDEX 3. Example of this generations include: UNIVAC, ENICA, EDVAC. Ultimately, they served as an update for using less power and space. The second generation of computers marks a milestone in computer history thanks to the technological advance that meant the creation of transistors to process information to replace vacuum tubes. In its normal state, the semi-conductor was not conductive, but when a certain voltage was applied to it, it became conductive and the electric current flowed through it. 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